Nearly 50000 people died of colon or rectal cancer in the year 2018 and in the same year there where reported more than 108,000 new cases of colon cancer and nearly 41,000 cases of rectal cancer in the U.S. alone, where colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death. Hope comes from a group of researchers at the University Of Pittsburgh School Of Medicine in the form of a vaccine which can prevent the disease in people that present a high risk and which is currently undergoing several tests.[URL=https://b17-vitamins.com/colon-cancer]Colon cancer symptoms and risk factors[/URL]
Colon cancer usually takes birth from benign but abnormal growths in the intestinal lining called polyps, which are called adenomas when they become cancerous. When developing advanced adenomas, people undergo repeated invasive surveillance tests, such as colonoscopy, in order to remove recurrent polyps which can aggravate the patients’ situation.
Advanced adenomas and cancers produce in excess an altered version of the MUC1 cell protein. While known vaccines work by blocking infection with viruses that are linked with cancer- for example, Gardasil protects against human papilloma virus associated with cervical cancer and hepatitis B vaccine protects against liver cancer, the research team used MUC1 as a target, as lead investigator Robert E. Schoen, M.D., M.P.H., professor of medicine and epidemiology at the University of Pittsburgh explains:
“By stimulating an immune response against the MUC1 protein in these precancerous growths, we may be able to draw the immune system’s fire to attack and destroy the abnormal cells. That might not only prevent progression to cancer, but even polyp recurrence.”
In order to establish the vaccine’s safety and immunogenicity, first tests were conducted on patients suffering of late-stage colon cancer and pancreatic cancer. Despite their cancer-weakened immune systems, they were able to generate an immune response. This led to the conclusion that patients with advanced adenomas who are otherwise healthy could produce a stronger response which could stop precancerous lesions from transforming into malignant tumors.
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Researchers are currently looking to expand the study group and are looking for about 50 new participants in addition to dozen that already received this treatment. The participants must be between 40 and 70 years old, with a history of developing adenomas that are greater than or equal to 1 centimeter in size, typed as villous or tubulovillous, or contain severely dysplastic or abnormal cells. They’ll receive three inoculations with the vaccine, an initial one and another shot after two and 10 weeks followed by blood tests at those time points as well as 12 weeks, 28 weeks and one year later, in order to measure the immune response.
“Immunotherapy might be a good alternative to colonoscopy because it is noninvasive and nontoxic and it could provide long-term protection” said Dr. Schoen.
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